The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) technology provides environmental comfort through thermal manipulation (heating and air conditioning) and acceptable indoor air quality (ventilation). Sometimes refrigeration is also included in the field as HVACR. The HVAC industry is largely fueled by regional regulations and differences. The regional climate largely determines demand for cooling and/or heating. New energy efficiency standards have prompted improvements in HVAC equipment and the replacement of outdated installations. READ MORE